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Towards Green Villages: a strategy for environmentally sound and participatory rural development Resources
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Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi. 1989

The thrust of Indian social forestry policy and practice is challenged in this short paper, which makes a strong case for integrated natural resource management at the village-level, in particular for the maintenance and regeneration of common lands, which are of particular importance to the rural poor. At the time, social forestry was focused on short-term employment generation and the cultivation of fast-growing commercial species, particularly on private lands. Schemes to privatise the commons under social forestry programmes are opposed by the authors as it is argued that only a small proportion of the poor can benefit from this because of land scarcity. This in turn can lead to local social conflicts. The limitations of Village Panchayats and the need to build strong village institutions capable of managing common lands is discussed. Some well-known examples of innovative resource management by village communities are provided, for example in the village of Seed, near Udaipur in Rajasthan.
A Agarwal, S Narain

access, afforestation, common property resources, institutions, land and tree tenure, organisations, policy, social forestry, tree planting, user groups, woodlots
India

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